When Philippe Pétain became head of state, he enlisted the services of Pierre Laval. Several times minister or president of the Council under the Third Republic, Laval is an experienced politician. In 1940, he organized collaboration with the Nazis with Pétain. When Pétain wishes to remove him, the Germans demand that he return to power. Head of Government, it is Laval who organizes the roundups of the Jews, the fight against the resistance fighters and sets up the compulsory labor service. For this, he will be tried for high treason at the Liberation and executed.